Dealing with difficult topics in the classroom

This year I followed the ten days model to teach IFP100Y, a world history class for international students. When he taught here at U of T, Tim Brook, a Chinese history specialist, taught world history by focusing on ten separate events spanning the world from 1500 to the present. I attended a workshop he gave in 2004 about the rationale behind such course and have wanted to teach it ever since. I look at it as the microhistory approach to the survey course, which fits well with my own preferences in terms of research and writing. A number of us actually took the course to other instutitions – I have friends teaching it at Ryerson, Western, University of Mississipi, University of Texas, possibly in the future at UNBC. It’s fun to be able to focus on only ten events and go into more depth but it is also very challenging for students since the connections are not immediately apparent and they want a more predictable, narrative course. There is also no textbook, which puts the onus on me to present enough material in class for students to be able to get a sense of the topic and evaluate the readings.

While I thought of some of those issues at the beginning of the course, what I didn’t think about enough was that some topics would be difficult to face for some students. We are currently discussing women in Iran and the effects of the Iranian Revolution. Turns out one of my students is Iranian, has suffered personally in Iran, and wanted to forget about that past and now finds it back haunting her. I have tried to be supportive of her feelings and have also tried to keep other students from falling into Islamophobia and have worked hard to keep the Muslim students from being put in a position in which they have to defend their faith. I’m not sure how successful I am at all those things. I would be happy if I can teach my students how to appropriately discuss these difficult topics respectfully and without drawing from their own prejudices. I feel this would be key to be able to successfully integrate into life in this very multicultural university.

 

THATCamp AHA

For the first time, a THATCamp was held at the AHA attracting a big group of interested DHers who had not yet been able to make it to this popular unconference. During the introduction, Dan Cohen asked for a show of hands of those who had never been to a THATCamp before and a full 70% of the crowd raised their hands. It was nice seeing so many people interested in matters at the intersection of technology and history.

After a session on crowdsourcing,  we discussed the problem of how to rescue old sites from oblivion (in which the concept of the Internet Paramedics was coined), followed by a very fruitful session in which Jeff McClurken shared with us his experience teaching both digital history courses and digitally-inflected courses. Check out his amazing link of resources.

Listening to Jeff and reading his syllabi and the amazing work his students produce makes me itchy to try some of that in my own classes. Monday I begin a course on medieval Spain that will be digitally-inflected. Students will be required use extensively the wiki platform in which I designed the course website. One of the assignments is an essay based on the Poem of the Cid but instead of simply writing a paper and handing it in to me, I want them to create a page on a wiki project on El Cid. We may end up with about 50 pages on various aspects of El Cid, which we will then organize in a thematic table of contents. The second stage of this project will be to write a critique of a recent book on El Cid using resources from the El Cid wiki.

Another way the students will use the wiki is by writing notes on the lectures. Each week a team of students will be required to write a short summary of the main points of the lecture, highlighting three passages from the readings and explaining how it connects to the lecture as well as listing a few key terms and giving definitions. The rest of the class is expected to post comments on the readings to the page.  Can’t wait to see what they come up with!

THATCampGTA Bootcamp

I’ve spent the day at a workshop at U of T dedicated to developing Drupal websites. This was organized as a Bootcamp session of the GTA version of THATCamp (The Humanities and Technology Camp). I’ve played with Drupal before and we use it to run the ePorte site but have never tried creating a site from scratch on it. The learning curve is pretty steep to play with it on your own so it’s very nice to have a whole day devoted to it at THATCamp GTA.

Our project was to create a news site, with a news content type, designing categories for our news posts, installing a theme, editing it, and so on. It was fun and I can see how powerful Drupal is since every little things needs to be set up and can be customized in many different ways. It might be an interesting platform to use for the research project Dana and I will begin next year. In a few hours, we had a site like this:

 
For simple sites, WordPress still rules though.

Yak lab: Teaching with Digital Humanities Tools

I’ve participated of my first Yak Lab today, organized by DISC. The idea behind the yak labs is that participants would bring a problem and we would work on it together during the workshop. I was in charge or bringing a problem to the table and I brought a pedagogical one. I’m basically shopping for a digital history project to have as class project for the third-year course on medieval Spain that I’m teaching next term. I strongly believe in teaching some basic digital literacy in all my courses but often have to contend with the problem that most students don’t have my technical background and I don’t want to lose too much class time teaching tech skills.

Some of the things I’ve done in the past is to use wikis or blogs to start class discussions but I haven’t actually had students hand in research projects in a multimedia format. I’m really keen in doing that but need to have it well prepared ahead of time so we don’t get boggled down in details once the course starts.

Some of the ideas we discussed in the yak lab include:

  • El Cid wiki project – Students would read the poem of the Cid and write a wiki page on a specific topic using the poem as their primary source. It’s basically a variant of a source analysis. The idea is that I could assign 5 different theme clusters and students would basically choose a topic within those. A second stage of this project is to go back, once all students have contributed their pieces, and have students cross-reference their entries adding links to the entries written by other students. Follow up – the idea is that this wiki would be used by the whole class. In order to have that happen, a second assignment would be an evaluation of a secondary source that uses the poem as one of its sources. Students would evaluate it by using the wiki project as a source.
  • A less developed idea is to work on the use of the medieval past in Spain today. I’m thinking here of having students look at brochures/websites from tourism sites from different places in Spain and analyze the way they approach the medieval period.
  • Others floated the idea of developing maps/timelines as well.
I would also like to have a bigger research project as well and have a class zotero group where students can submit their proposed bibliographies.
Lots of food for thought!

Digital tools for research and collaboration

I’ve been asked to give an informal workshop on digital tools that might be useful for a research team studying exile in early modern Europe. They would like to collaborate on the writing process as well as in the collection of data. These are some of the tools I use on my own research and that I’ll talk about:

Zotero

  • designed by the Center for History and New Media, so have historians in mind
  • helps “collect, organize, cite, and share your research sources”
  • potentially useful tools include mapping feature, notes, ability to import sources from the library catalogue and tag all sorts of sources and notes

Google Docs and other Google applications

  • allows collaboration in creation of documents, spreadsheets, creation of forms to collect information
  • of particular interest to the group are the mapping features in both Google Maps (with Google Fusion Tables) and Google Earth
  • possible con: have to be online

Wikis – pbworks

  • similar to google apps in terms of collaboration but easier to make information available to the outside world without requiring them to create an account [google docs more or less requires people to have a google account]
  • ideal for collaborating on texts and discussing different aspects of the project [much better than email]

Dropbox

  • repository for project files

Using Google Calendar in the Classroom

Inspired by a recent post in ProfHacker, I decided to organize my upcoming first year world history class using Google Calendar. It worked really well and I like the idea of being able to add extra information to the calendar later and being able to export the information to use in future reiterations of the course. Here’s how the agenda version of the course calendar will look once embeded on the course website:

New tools – VoiceThread

It’s the end of another insanely busy academic year and only recently have I found a few minutes to spare comment here about a few new tools that I discovered thanks to Rochelle Mazar, the emerging technologies librarian at UTM. One such tools is VoiceThread, a tool that allows conversations around images, texts, or videos. This video illustrates the many features of this tool.

I was immediately taken by the pedagogical potential of this tool. It could be an interesting way to foster discussion around an image or video before class, for example, or even to continue in-class discussion. In that sense, it would allow for more inclusive teaching as it would allow students who are shy to express their views as well as allowing students to express their views not only in written form but also in spoken form (allowing perhaps for more in-depth comments). The interface itself is very clean and intuitive and hopefully wouldn’t scare the computer illiterate students.

At the very least, it could be a cool way of going through the class syllabus. To test the system, I uploaded a pdf of the syllabus for my recent course and had Rochelle add comments (both types and spoken comments). The comments took a few minutes to appear on my end, but I liked the way the system works, allowing comments to be placed near points in the text. This might actually be a better tool than wikis, for example, for allowing students to comment on each other’s work. The good thing is that it can also be embedded on webpages – so one could embed it on blackboard, for instance, or in a wiki page. The example below is the syllabus example I mentioned above. What do you think?

Back to blogging in education

It looks like I’ll be teaching my very first course next summer. This will be my chance to experiment a bit and get some practice on what kind of teacher I want to become. I have my role models but ultimately, to be successful, our teaching has to agree with our personalities. I have an inclusive personality so I tend to focus on giving everybody a chance to participate and get engaged. The key is to get students to participate. And as I’ve mentioned before, this is where I think blogging can be useful. Blogging has made me not only more aware of my surroundings but also more politically and socially engaged. If that sort of dynamics can be reproduced in the classroom some real learning can be achieved.

But how to do that? How exactly do I get 45 students to actively participate in a course blog? Do I make it an assignment? Do each student has to post something? How often? Under what criteria? How do I integrate it to the curriculum and what goes on in the classroom?

In order to get some ideas, I registered to a workshop last week on blogging offered by the Resource Centre of Academic Techonology, at U of T. I was very excited but unfortunately, unable to attend. A more urgent academic engagement came up and I had to miss it. So today I went by RCAT to ask if there were any handouts from the talk. They gave me not only a copy of the ppt presentation but also the presenter’s blog address where I could find further resources.

Her name is Michelle Mazar and her blog is subtitled Diary of a Subversive Librarian, which I think it’s quite brilliant. She wrote a very inspiring reflection about blogging and academia on the day of the workshop.In it she says:

(…)Which leads me to something that bonked me on the head yesterday while reviewing for Learning Inquiry. I read this fantastic article that used some extremely bang-on terminology: productive failure, and unproductive success.

Here’s what I’m currently considering: we tend to reward unproductive success more than anything. If a student walks into a class knowing the subject material, that student will probably do extremely well. If a student spends 3/4ths of the class struggling with the material and getting things wrong, not understanding, struggling with concepts, and then really gets it, that student will probably not do as well. But that student is actually learning, and demonstrating learning. We don’t have an effective way of rewarding real learning.

Which is the key reason why I object to switching out the word “student” with the word “learner”, though I know it’s trying to get at the same idea. We don’t know whether we have “learners” or not, on a grand scale. Often we have a group of already-knowledgeable students who will unproductively get As and we feel good about it the learning experience. How do we measure learning? Real learning? Going from confusion to understanding? How do we even see it when undergrads often don’t even open their mouths in class? Do we really have a “Learning Management System”? Really? How do we really support and reward learning rather than merely unproductive success?

So I think blogging done well, set up with good expectations and with a fostered honesty, can reveal the actual learning going on, and can give students the option of displaying the learning they’re doing. And we can reward it that way. If a student struggles for the first half of the course and demonstrates that struggle, and then suddenly GETS IT, you’ll have evidence of their learning. You can reward that, you can grade them according to how they learned and how articulate they can be about the way in which they learned and why. At the moment we grade them based on whether or not they get it fast enough, for the most part. So you can use these tools to support and encourage productive failure as a means toward productive success. I’m not saying it’s enough to just try. Unproductive failure isn’t the goal either. Failure that builds into understanding is productive.

I’ve began to consider this very process lately. I’ve had students who have clearly benefited from the class and through informal interaction with me showed me they “got it” at the end of the course. Yet, I could not reward their learning since these didn’t translate into their first assignments. I think there should be some room for that.

In her powerpoint presentation, Michelle gives some useful tips on using blogs effectively. My favourites are blogs as reflection paper and blogging as conversation. She suggests four possible ways to use a blog as a reflection paper:

  • Pick a quotation from the reading and relate it to the lecture
  • Pick a CC-licensed picture from flickr and relate it to the readings, lecture
  • Pick a comment from a fellow student, agree or disagree with its content
  • Ask a question that remains after the lecture and the reading

I think these could be easy to implement and would create a connection between readings and lecture as well as conversation among the students.

Her powerpoint doesn’t specify what she means by blogging as conversation but I’ll definitely ask her directly. This is very exciting stuff.

Blackboard & blogs

The university where I teach uses Blackboard as their main course management/website platform. This year will be my first year using it but after taking a couple of workshops, it doesn’t look bad at all. In fact, it looks sleek and has lots of potential useful tools.

Browsing through some of the documentation, I came across an optional tool that might be useful. It’s called EduBlogger and once enabled, seems to all each student in the course to have a blog and the instructor to track it all. Blackboard also has a forum, of course, so it got me thinking about what would be the pros and cons of using a blog vs a forum to encourage either student participation outside of the classroom or allow the students to engage with the material in a media other than essays/exams.

I was thinking of using the discussion board feature of blackboard this term. I’d perhaps post some questions about the readings ahead of time and invite students to respond to them or post reactions of their own to the readings before the class. They could earn extra points for doing so, particularly if they engage in fruitful discussion with their classmates. The bonus would be to get them thinking before class and to allow shy students to get some extra marks.

In future, when I design the course myself (currently I’m just a TA), I’d create a class blog and make it more of an assignment. For this term, I might stick to the discussion board.

As an aside, I found this post on education blogs that was interesting and had many useful links. A lot of resources on using blogs on education seem to be related or geared towards primary and secondary school. Let me know if you find any discussions of it in a university context.